PDF BookCrop Protection in Medieval Agriculture

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[Download PDF.h2zC] Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture

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Book Details :
Published on: 2013-12-04
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Original language: English

Mediterranean and West European pre-modern agriculture (agriculture before 1600) was by necessity ‘organic agriculture'. Crop protection is part and parcel of this agriculture, with weed control in the forefront. Crop protection is embedded in the medieval agronomy text books but specialised sections do occur. Weeds, insects and diseases are described but identification in modern terms is not easy. The pre-modern ‘Crop Portfolio' is well filled, certainly in the Mediterranean area. The medieval ‘Pest Portfolio' differs from the modern one because agriculture then was a Low External Input Agriculture, and because the proportion of cultivated to non-cultivated land was drastically lower than today. The pre-modern ‘Control Portfolio' is surprisingly rich, both in preventive and interventive measures. Prevention was by risk management, intensive tillage, and careful storage. Intervention was mechanical and chemical. Chemical intervention used natural substances such as sulphur, pitch, and ‘botanicals'. Some fifty plant species are mentioned in a crop protection context. Though application methods look rather modern they are typically low-tech. Among them are seed disinfection, spraying, dusting, fumigation, grease banding, wound care, and hand-picking but also scarification, now outdated. The reality of pest outbreaks and other damages is explored as to frequency, intensity, and extent. Information on the practical use of the recommended treatments is scanty. If applied, their effectiveness remains enigmatic. Three medieval agronomists are at the heart of this book, but historical developments in crop protection from early Punic, Greek, and Roman authors to the first modern author are outlined. The readership of these writers was the privileged class of landowners but hints pointing to the exchange of ideas between them and the common peasant were found. Consideration is given to the pre-modern reasoning in matters of crop protection. Comparison of pre-modern crop protection and its counterpart in modern organic agriculture is difficult because of drastic changes in the relation between crop areas and non-crop areas, and because of the great difference in yield levels then and now, with several associated differences. Crop rotation - Wikipedia Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of ... Science & Technology of the Medieval Era Science & Technology of the Medieval Era The technology used in everyday Medieval life. The Medieval period saw major technological advances including the invention ... agriculture facts information pictures Encyclopedia ... Get information facts and pictures about agriculture at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about agriculture easy with credible articles ... agriculture - National Geographic Society Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil growing crops and raising livestock Medieval Warfare & Medieval arms Medieval Siege Warfare . In the Medieval period besieging armies used a wide variety of siege engines including: scaling ladders; battering rams; siege ... Country Life and Agriculture - Medieval and Middle Ages ... A community in medieval times consisted of a manor. This was usually arranged along a single street with the houses on each side. Behind the houses were fields ... Middle Ages - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com People use the phrase Middle Ages to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Many scholars ... Monastic garden - Wikipedia Orchards and cemetery gardens. Orchards and cemetery gardens were also tended to in medieval monasteries. The vegetation would provide fruit such as apples or pears ... Agriculture History and Information - One of the Best ... A rt science and industry of managing the growth of plants and animals for human use. In a broad sense agriculture includes cultivation of the soil growing and ... Agriculture and Consumer Protection: Home Addressing wildlife risks add to urgency of global campaign to eradicate Peste des Petits Ruminants by 2030
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